Abstract: The "2010.6" flood and the "2023.5" flood are both rare historical rainstorm flood processes that occurred in the Linshui Basin of Jiangxi Province, and the water level and flow peak are respectively the largest in the history measured by the control station of Loujiacun Hydrological Station. In order to improve the understanding of the law of rainstorm flood in the Linshui Basin, this paper conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the characteristics of rainstorm and flood, cross section changes, upstream and downstream impacts of the two floods. The results show that: ① there are obvious similarities and differences between the two rainstorm flood processes; ② The main reasons for the high peak discharge and lower water level of the "2023.5" flood are the cutting of the riverbed, the impact of upstream water projects, and the reduction of the jacking effect of the downstream main trunk. At the same time, changes in the shape of the river section also have an impact on this.