Abstract: As the carrier of terrestrial water cycle, the distribution and structure of rivers are of great significance to the assessment and evaluation of regional water resources, and the river survey can lay a foundation for the strategy of sustainable economic and social development in Jiangxi Province. The significance, aims, contents and methods of the general survey of rivers over 10 km2 in Jiangxi Province are briefly described, and the results of the general survey are analyzed from the aspects of the number, distribution, natural and hydrological characteristics of rivers, the differences and the reasons between the survey results and the historical data are discussed. The results obtained by this river survey are more reasonable and reliable by adopting more scientific technical methods and means.