Abstract: The river embankment is the main structural measure to protect two banks of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province section from the threat of the Yangtze River flood. After long-term and continuous reinforcement and construction, the flood structural system of the Yangtze River backbone project composed mainly of river embankment has completed the construction task according to the 1954 flood prevention standard, and has played an important role in preventing several major floods in recent years. However, the construction of flood control works is difficult to build once and for all. During the flood season, various dangerous situations still occur from time to time, and there are still weak links in flood capacity. Through the analysis of various problems in the flood defense of the Yangtze River dikes, the causes are discussed, and some measures and suggestions are put forward to eliminate the hidden dangers of flood security and improve the ability to resist the threat of extraordinary flood.