Abstract: The implementation of the flood-control, irrigation and lake control project has enabled Chaohu to gradually evolve into a semi-enclosed lake from open waters, which has greatly weakened the water exchange capacity of Chaohu Lake. Meanwhile, the water pollution in Chaohu Lake has been gradually aggravating. The research on the analysis of water exchange capacity in Chaohu Lake adopts the physical model combined with the mathematical model calculation technology. It provides scientific guidance and technical support for the drainage space arrangement and flood control project layout and scheduling, and it can fully utilize the lake water resources to restore the ecological function value of the lake and realize the water resources. The value of the ecological function is important to support the sustainable using water resources and the development of the ecological environment.