Abstract: Drought emergency water source project is one of the most powerful measures for drought relief in drought vulnerable areas in China. In this paper, based on the national comprehensive development of drought emergency water supply project; combined with the "National Plan for the Implementation of Drought Relief (2014 ~ 2016)" of Ministry of Water Resources; from different periods of planning, construction management, operation and maintenance, and funding, the efficient and practical evaluation index system and evaluation methods are proposed for developing drought emergency water projects at various level of the provincial, county, and project. The study results may provide the technical support for effect evaluation emergency drought water supply project implementation.