Abstract: the Yangtze River basin has suffered serious drought disasters in 2022，and the drought situation in Poyang Lake is particularly prominent. From July to September, the rainfall of Poyang Lake basin was 146 mm, the evaporation was 572 mm, the average flow of the basin into Poyang Lake was 1 454 m³/s，accounting for 31%, 134% and 47% of the average in the same period respectively. The water level of Poyang Lake set a record of the lowest water level in history. Due to the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, the improvement of water conveyance projects and scientific management, the drought situation is serious, but the drought disaster is not the most serious. In order to achieve sustainable economic and social development and protect the ecological environment, it is necessary to transform the strategy of "drought relief" to "drought prevention and mitigation". The countermeasures for drought prevention and disaster reduction are proposed according to the actual situation of Poyang Lake basin.