Abstract: The extreme rainstorm disasters in Henan province in 2021 caused serious casualties and property losses.The extreme of the disaster and the characteristics of the impact of the disaster were analyzed from the perspective of Henan province. Firstly, the analysis results show that losses of this disaster event is much higher than the average annual level and the recurrence probability is about 0.03. Secondly, the absolute and relative impacts of the disaster on affected counties have obvious spatial differentiation. Thirdly, newly developing counties suffered great impact, which shows the mismatch between rapid urbanization process and disaster prevention capacity. Finally, the shortcomings of the disaster prevention system in this disaster event were summarized. By comparing with disaster prevention and reduction measures of large cities in developed countries such as Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, suggestions are put forward on how to strengthen the prevention and response capacity in case of urban rainstorm disasters in China under the background of rapid urbanization.